CARNIVAL+2014

THE WONDERFUL WIZARD OF OZ

= The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a [|children's novel] written by [|L. Frank Baum] and illustrated by [|W. W. Denslow]. = media type="youtube" key="y0teJ85qIqY" width="560" height="315"

THE INVENTION OF THE TELEPHONE =The History of Telephones =  **The telephone is considered to have been invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876 because this is when he received his patent for this new machine.** A patent is given to someone who invents something new so that other people do not copy it without permission. Many other people helped in the invention of the telephone too, sharing their knowledge and ideas and helping with the designs that allowed Bell to create his own working version. When Bell submitted his invention for patent he only just beat other inventors to it! We should thank Antonio Meucci, Philip Reis, and Elisha Gray for the part they played in making the telephone possible.

For over 130 years, this wonderful Bell invention has been part of life for many people and today the mobile phone is just the latest streamlined descendant of Bell’s famous and successful experiments. The first telephone communication was when Bell spoke to his assistant Thomas Watson by wire on the 10th of March in 1876. These are some of the important dates in telephone history:

1831- Michael Faraday was able to show that the vibrations on metal objects could be transformed to electrical signals.

1861- Johann Philip Reis was the first known inventor who constructed a machine that could change sounds to electrical signals and then back to sound once again.

1871- Meucci, an Italian inventor gave notice that he was planning to apply for a patent for a special communication device.

1874- Bell had the idea for a telephone while working on telegraph machines

1876- Bell is granted a patent for his telephone

1876- Elisha Gray also filed a patent notice on the same day as Bell but the patent was awarded to Mr. Bell.

1877- The Bell Telephone Company was created and the first telephone exchange was developed in Connecticut.

1879- The first telephone exchange was constructed in London, England

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; text-align: justify;">1880- The first Photophone was created to communicate spoken words by using light rays. It was not practical at the time, had few supporters, and was quickly abandoned.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; text-align: justify;">1885- ATT & T was formed for long distance communication; this was more commonly known then as the American Telephone and Telegraph Company.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; text-align: justify;">1888- William Gray created the first pay telephone, which people would use by putting coins into slots.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; text-align: justify;">1921- Police departments began to test one-way communication systems in cars.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; text-align: justify;">1933- 2 way communication devices were used in patrol cars in Bayonne, NJ.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; text-align: justify;">1946- This was when the first mobile telephone call was made from a car.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; text-align: justify;">1947- The person who thought of cellular telephone service had the idea during this year but the technology did not yet exist. The name of this genius was Dr. Ring.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; text-align: justify;">1962- Push button, or touch-tone telephones were first seen and sold.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; text-align: justify;">1970- The first commercially developed Picture phones were shown.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; text-align: justify;">1973- This was the year of the first cell phone call from a Motorola employee to an ATT&T employee.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; text-align: justify;">1979- Japan was the site of the first network for mobile phones.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; text-align: justify;">1983- The first commercial mobile telephone system was opened. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; text-align: justify;">Today we use tiny telephones almost the size of a credit card to communicate instantly with people in countries around the [|globe]. The communications industry is constantly updating, refining, and streamlining products and there are sure to be even smaller and faster communications available in the future.

<span style="background-color: #ff8500; color: #d600ff; display: block; font-family: "Comic Sans MS",cursive; font-size: 160%; text-align: center;">OUR SONG media type="custom" key="25111796"

<span style="background-color: #3a2a7d; color: #ff00f3; display: block; font-family: "Comic Sans MS",cursive; font-size: 150%; text-align: left;">Watch this video =media type="custom" key="25149292"= <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 150%;">We can communicate in many different ways.

<span style="background-color: #00ff9b; color: #808000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">HELEN KELLER

She was the first [|deafblind] person to earn a bachelor of arts degree. media type="custom" key="25149344"

<span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">Helen Adams Keller was born on June 27, 1880, in [|Tuscumbia, Alabama]. U.S.A.

<span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">Her father was an editor and had served as a captain for the [|Confederate Army].

<span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">Helen Keller was born with the ability to see and hear. At 19 months old, she contracted an illness described by doctors as "an acute congestion of the stomach and the brain", which might have been [|scarlet fever] or [|meningitis]. The illness left her both deaf and blind. By the age of seven, Keller had more than 60 [|home signs] to communicate with her family. <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">In 1886, Keller's mother visited a specialist in [|Baltimore], for advice. He referred the Kellers to [|Alexander Graham Bell], who was working with deaf children at the time. Bell advised them to contact the [|Perkins Institute for the Blind]. The school's director, asked former student 20-year-old [|Anne Sullivan],to become Keller's instructor. It was the beginning of a 49-year-long relationship during which Sullivan evolved into Keller's [|governess] and eventually her [|companion]. <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">Anne Sullivan arrived at Keller's house in March 1887, and immediately began to teach Helen to communicate by spelling words into her hand, beginning with "d-o-l-l" for the doll that she had brought Keller as a present. Keller was frustrated, at first. In fact, when Sullivan was trying to teach Keller the word for "mug", Keller became so frustrated she broke the doll. Soon, she realized that the motions her teacher was making on the palm of her hand, while running cool water over her other hand, symbolized the idea of "water"; she then nearly exhausted Sullivan demanding the names of all the other familiar objects in her world.

= INVENTORS AND INVENTIONS =

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<span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #ff8500; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">BENJAMIN FRANKLIN <span style="background-color: #ffff00; color: #ff8500; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">media type="custom" key="25149510"